What are Ingredient Brands?This is the first of a series of articles on ingredient branding. In this first article we introduce the concept of ingredient branding and a model for the understanding the utility of their brand equities for building businesses. In subsequent articles we will discuss how to manage – and avoid pitfalls – in guiding ingredient brands profitably from their early life cycles all the way to their mature stage.
Ingredient Brands are those product components that not only add functional value, their logo on a main branded product or service adds to its own brand power to retain customer loyalty, evoke customer preference, and support premium price points. An ingredient brand not only adds value to a host brand’s equity, in mature markets it can also create or enhance differentiation.
Intel® is arguably the most famous of all ingredient brands that has enjoyed a long and continuing life. Others include Microban®, Kevlar® and Goretex®.
How Ingredient Brands Are BornWhen an upstream manufacturer develops a new breakthrough product, they diligently commercialize and promote the brand identity in order to obtain increasing market acceptance of the product. Since it is a breakthrough, the branded product becomes accepted by direct customers and often famous for the benefits it brings to the downstream market. When promoted properly it also becomes desirable to consumers because of the publicity it generates as a source of “new” perceptions for older brand names that incorporate it into their product lines.
The name the manufacturer gave the product is generally intended to both simplify the conversations with specifiers, production managers, and others whose beliefs about its value prompt them to include it in production processes and to assist purchasing agents in requesting the right product. Most often this value is discussed in terms of how it is functionally advantageous. This is a common practice in industry. However, its value as a public indicator of host brand commitment to quality innovation should not be overlooked.
As a new ingredient brand becomes familiar among downstream specifiers the name not only becomes more recognizable, it also develops its own meaning. The ultimate constituency that fosters an iconic meaning for any brand is consumers who assign daily-life significance to it. At that point – when a labeled component of an end product like a computer or a fashionable garment becomes a familiar name that influences consumers’ choices – an ingredient brand is born.
Strong brands often hesitate to publicly identify an ingredient brand because of concern about compromising their own strong host brand’s perceptions. History has shown however that a powerful ingredient brand, whose provider is committed to maintaining its perceptual equity long term, continue to be enhanced by identifying their investment in publicly recognized quality components. The smart branders take full advantage of the popularity of a famous ingredient brand, further enhancing the equity of their original brand.
The 10 Challenges of Managing an Ingredient Brand
Many ingredient brands have successfully passed the value-adding test of time including Intel®; Kevlar®; Micro-Ban® and Stainmaster®. The key to achieving this marketplace status is managing the brand well beyond its functional value. Accomplishing this is much more complex than managing a consumer brand. Ingredient branders have challenges which must be met in order to fully capitalize on ingredient brand potential for value. They must:
1. Develop organizational understanding of the difference between the product and the brand to multiple constituencies, each with their own mind-set and calculation of interest.
2. Effectively communicate the brand downstream from the direct customer without creating unmanageable friction with that customer, who may perceive the ingredient brand building effort as inevitably reducing their profit margins.
3. Educate their own leadership to the value of creating and maintaining brand equity and the need to market the brand benefits that exist beyond its functional contribution to product features.
4. Educate the main brand’s leadership on value of brand equity and the need to market the brand on benefits beyond the product features.
5. Articulate an integrated marketing strategy with a balanced emphasis beyond product performance value to include benefits and emotional brand image that drive differentiation and preference. And implement it consistently over time.
6. Coordinate all management functions to contribute to consistent brand message – to “walk the brand talk” in all decisions.
7. Assure that the internal organization, channel organizations, and customers always use the brand icon and extensions correctly. They must police misuse of the brand by others or risk commoditizing the brand and diminishing its financial value to that of a generic.
8. Capture and retain price premium, avoiding the temptation to trade off long-term premium for short term share.
9. Gain and maintain organizational commitment to improving product performance that is consistent with what the brand means to members of its value chain and end-users.
10. Brands have life cycles that operate somewhat differently than product life cycles. Both product and brand lives have youth, maturity, and “old age.” Unlike humans, both can be rejuvenated and returned to their youth – usually by renewed relevance accomplished by capitalizing on new end-user trends. The classic example is Maytag whose “dependability” positioning in the 1930’s reassured homemakers that the new-fangled electric motor eliminating women’s hours at a washboard was going to last. By the 1970’s this was irrelevant; Maytag lost consumer attention.
The arrival of the “lonely repairman” renewed the relevance of Maytag’s dependability to homemakers who now worked at jobs out of their homes full time and whose faulty washer might cost them a day of work. Maytag shows the opportunity careful management of a branded product’s life cycle offers.
Brand Management Life CyclesThe “The Marketing Triangle” implies managing the three critical dimensions of marketing a brand today: product, brand, and price. In the typical marketing triangle, the marketer develops and commercializes the breakthrough product, and after the product begins to achieve a high level of recognition, begins the process of branding the product. Alternatively, the marketer should recognize the brand potential of the breakthrough product and initiate brand management process immediately upon commercialization. An operating comparison of these two approaches are described below
The Typical Ingredient Brand Management Life CycleIn the typical approach, the supplier develops and commercializes the breakthrough product and after the product becomes famous, begins to transform the product into a brand.
Typical Model Step 1 – Supplier develops breakthrough ingredient product and initiates commercialization process.
a. Demonstrates value added potential of the new ingredient, and sets price based on benefits offered – including potential for furthering host brand differentiation in its own market.
b. Expands acceptance from early adopters among host brand producers to early majority of host brands in a given product category
c. Ingredient brand management team makes public commitment to investing in promotion of their own brand – offering promotional value to host brands that feature the ingredient
d. Effectively positions the ingredient brand with communications that converge on its central benefit – articulated to each member of the main product’s value chain
e. Ingredient brand name becomes well known and universally used across industry applications
f. Ingredient brand acquires meaning from positioning communications combined with satisfactory or superior experience among value chain members and end-users of the main product brand
g. Ingredient Brand is perceived as critical to fulfilling expectations generated by marketing efforts of the host product brand
Typical Model Step 2 – Ingredient product brand name succeeds by becoming famous downstream all the way from direct customers to end-users.
h. Multiple members of the value chain specify the product by name
i. Increasing consumer awareness and evidence that the ingredient brand encourages host brand preference and loyalty
j. Supplier makes the shift from generic ingredient product to named ingredient brand
k. Price premium is maintained even though competitors enter with similar product performance
l. Perceptions of ingredient brand promise and meaning add value to functional advantages – signifying such benefits as quality assurance and functional performance advantage in production processes as well as end-user experiences
Typical Model Step 3 – In typical scenarios after initial success, Supplier mismanages the brand, competitive ingredient product market entries proliferate resulting in
m. Internal stress on the ingredient brand’s product renewal activity and on pricing results in temptation to rest on early success
n. Direct customers exert downward pressure on brand price based on competitive product alternatives
o. Ingredient brand fails to counter the logic with continued efforts to build perceptions of the brand’s superiority beyond functional features in the minds of value chain members and end-users
p. Accepting market definitions of function-only brand meaning fosters downstream indifference over time
q. Ingredient brand decay in product quality in order to keep plants operating at capacity (planned or unplanned) at diminished market price ensues
r. Management declares ingredient branding a failed marketing strategy
The Successful Ingredient Brand Management Life CycleSuccess Model Step 1 – Supplier develops a breakthrough ingredient product and initiates the commercialization process as in the previous case – but includes brand planning from the start.
a. Value is demonstrated in terms of how the direct and downstream customers are benefited – FROM THE START OF BRAND NAMING THE PRODUCT. Thus the ingredient product is translated into a brand at the time of commercialization.
b. The new ingredient brand is effectively positioned relative to the value it brings to each member of its value chain. It will establish a core value on how it will do business but will emphasize the most relevant benefits it promises for each member of its value chain and each end use application it can serve.
c. Value chain and end-user constituencies needs are inventoried via customer research during the marketing strategy development process.
d. Brand support is provided to both the direct and downstream customers.
Success Model Step 2 – Product branding strategy is initiated simultaneous with the commercialization.
e. The brand becomes the primary communication tag rather than the product. All interactions associate the brand’s name and relevant value to the specific situation and audience.
f. An icon is developed and displayed profusely in every communication vehicle. Emphasis is on brand benefits based on what the brand does not what it is. The use of the icon by host brands is mandated and parameters described in legal agreements with host brands.
g. The brand essence is defined and communicated along with the brand name and icon – either explicitly in promotions efforts or implicitly by choice of associations where the ingredient brand appears. Brand meaning is a factor in choosing host brand partners.
h. Orders are for the ingredient brand and invoices reflect the brand as an integral aspect of purchase.
i. Direct and downstream customers refer to the brand, utilize the brand icon, and charge a premium for their branded products that incorporate the ingredient brand.
Success Model Step 3 – Brand is priced to value and never price-point compared to competitive products.
j. Brand is specified by downstream customers
k. Early adopter direct customers are given preference and provided with unique brand and product support.
l. Cooperative marketing campaigns are designed uniquely to each direct customer.
m. Cooperative marketing campaigns are designed with downstream customers who see value in the brand.
n. Ingredient brand value increases with the number of valued host brand relationships, satisfaction of value chain members and host brand partners in how the ingredient brand aids their business development – either directly or via ingredient brand support programs. (e.g. co-op promotions, design resources made available only to host brand partners etc.)
The Key to Converting the Typical Model to the Success ModelBegin with brand management in mind. Apply a branding mindset at the onset of product commercialization including naming, icon development, brand positioning, and communications. When doing the market validation concept research early in the product concept phase design it to learn not just what end-user respondents like or dislike about the concept, but also to capture how the respondents talk about the concept. This aspect of the data will inform your marketing team about how best to position it and help your brand communications team develop its most compelling messages.
In future articles we will explore ingredient brand management in more detail. Let us know what you think about our discussion, pose any questions you have, and tell us what future aspects of ingredient branding you would like to see covered. We welcome any insight you wish to offer regarding the issues, benefits and processes of capturing value from effective ingredient brand management.
Ron Sullivan helps companies grow through strategic repositioning; developing new value propositions; define new business models; and seeking newmarkets and products. He has worked with both large and small companies to create growth models from strategy through implementation.
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